Climate change is the world’s greatest environmental threat and if the current rate of fossil-fuel use continues then the world might witness a rise of 4 to 6 degrees Celsius above its pre-industrial level.

The world needs massive investment in green energy systems and an end to the construction of new coal-fired power plants.

One potential solution is to convince non-bank financial institutions, including pension funds and insurance companies, to invest in green projects. Then there is an important role of green central banks which are responsible for financial and macroeconomic stability to address climate-related and environmental risks at a systematic level.