Violence and Political Turmoil: Bangladesh's Chaotic History Unveiled

Deadly protests in Bangladesh against quotas in government jobs have highlighted a long history of political violence since its independence in 1971. Sporadic periods of sectarian or political violence have periodically rocked the nation, with notable incidents in 2009, 2013, 2016, and 2021. Protests, military coups, and extremist attacks continue to shape its socio-political landscape.

Thousands of Bangladeshi students' deadly protests against government job quotas have cast light on the nation's violent history. Emerging from a 1971 war between India and Pakistan that killed nearly 3 million, Bangladesh continues to grapple with political and sectarian conflict. Democracy tentatively reinstated by 1990, the country has faced episodes of violence, including the 2009 border guard mutiny that killed over 70 people, the 2013 political unrest killing about 100, and a deadly 2016 attack by the Islamic State group. Recent violence includes 2021's communal attacks on Hindus and deadly protests in 2024 against job quotas.

The 2009 mutiny by disgruntled border guards led to over 70 deaths, primarily army officers, after spreading across almost a dozen towns. Peace was restored after six days when the guards capitulated. Then, in 2013, political tensions under the Awami League saw about 100 deaths. The election announcement and execution of Abdul Quader Mollah—an opposition leader sentenced for 1971 war crimes—exacerbated the unrest, claiming nearly 100 more lives.

In 2016, an attack claimed by the Islamic State targeted an upscale Dhaka restaurant, resulting in 20 hostages' deaths, including foreigners from Italy, Japan, the U.S., and India. 2021 saw extremist violence against minority Hindus, killing at least six amid protests against Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit. More unrest followed in 2024, marked by violence during elections and deadly student protests against job quotas.

(With inputs from agencies.)