Egypt's president expands powers, citing virus outbreak

Egypt's President Abdel-Fattah el-Sissi on Saturday approved amendments to the country's state of emergency that grant him and security agencies additional powers, which the government says are needed to combat the coronavirus outbreak. An international rights group condemned the amendments, saying the government has used the global pandemic to “expand, not reform, Egypt's abusive Emergency Law.” The new amendments allow the president to take measures to contain the virus, such as suspending classes at schools and universities and quarantining those returning from abroad. But they also include expanded powers to ban public and private meetings, protests, celebrations, and other forms of assembly.

The government has waged an unprecedented crackdown on dissent since 2013 when el-Sissi rose to power, and unauthorized protests have been banned for years. The amendments also allow military prosecutors to investigate incidents when army officers are tasked with law enforcement or when the president orders it. The country's chief civilian prosecutor would have the final decision on whether to bring matters to trial.

The amended law would also allow the president to postpone taxes and utility payments as well as provide economic support for affected sectors. Parliament, which is packed with el-Sissi supporters, approved the measure last month.

Egypt has been under a state of emergency since April 2017, and the government extended it late last month for another three months. The law was originally passed to give the president broader powers to combat terrorism and drug trafficking. The government said the amendments were needed to address a legal “vacuum” revealed by the coronavirus outbreak. Egypt, with a population of 100 million, has reported at least 504 deaths among around 8,500 confirmed cases.

However, only five of the 18 amendments are clearly related to public health, and the new powers can be used whenever a state of emergency is declared, Human Rights Watch said. “Some of these measures could be needed in public health emergencies, but they should not be open to abuse as part of unreformed emergency law,” said Joe Stork, the New York-based group's Middle East and North Africa director.

“Resorting to 'national security and public order' as a justification reflects the security mentality that governs Sissi's Egypt.” In response to the pandemic, Egypt has halted international air travel and shuttered schools, universities, mosques, churches, and archaeological sites, including the famed Giza pyramids. A curfew is in place from 9 pm to 6 am. The partial lockdown is to continue for another two weeks, until the end of the Muslim holy month of Ramadan.

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