Artificial Intelligence is transforming kidney disease diagnosis by enabling early, accurate detection through machine learning and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). A recent study achieves 97.7% accuracy by analyzing key biomarkers, patient history, and lab results. Explainable AI (XAI) ensures transparency, helping doctors trust AI-driven insights using SHAP and LIME techniques. With AI-powered monitoring and telemedicine, the future of kidney disease care is smarter, faster, and more accessible.