Britain's Political Party Pledges Unveiled: A Clash of Visions

As Britain heads towards a national election on July 4, major political parties have released their manifestos, promising diverse policies to win votes. From tax cuts and healthcare investments to climate action and immigration reforms, parties like the Conservatives, Labour, Liberal Democrats, and Greens set forth their visions on key national issues.

Britain's political parties vying for votes before a national election on July 4 have published their manifestos - documents which set out their policies and how they will finance them. With the opposition Labour Party leading in opinion polls by double-digits the other parties, including the governing Conservatives, are hoping to attract voters by offering pledges on everything from healthcare to tax cuts.

Following are what the main parties say on major issues. Reform, a new right-wing party, publishes its manifesto on Monday:

THE ECONOMY Conservatives - Tax cuts are the centre of its plan to reignite economic growth, while at the same time the party wants to reduce borrowing and debt.

Labour - Its plan focuses on wealth creation. It will be "pro-business and pro-worker" and introduce a new industrial strategy, which will end short-term economic policy. Liberal Democrats - It wants a better relationship with the European Union and an industrial strategy focused on renewables and other sectors.

Green - It wants to raise taxes for the wealthy, invest more in health, and bring railways, energy companies and water providers back under state control. TAXES

Conservatives - The party has promised to cut taxes by 17.2 billion pounds a year by 2029/30, with a 2-percentage-point cut in National Insurance. Self-employed workers would be exempt from National Insurance by the end of the next parliament. Labour - It has pledged not to raise taxes "for working people", with no increase in the basic, higher, or additional rates of income tax, National Insurance, or VAT. It will cap corporation tax at the current level of 25%.

LibDems - Its priority would be to raise the personal allowance when the public finances allow. It plans to reform capital gains tax to raise around 5 billion pounds. Green - It would introduce a wealth tax on individuals with assets above 10 million pounds.

HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE Conservatives - The party has committed to above-inflation increases for the National Health Service (NHS) every year, and will recruit 92,000 more nurses and 28,000 more doctors.

Labour - It will cut waiting times by adding 40,000 more appointments every week. It will also double the number of cancer scanners. LibDems - It has pledged a 9 billion pound package commitments, including increasing the number of community doctors and higher pay for care workers.

Green - The party wants to increase the NHS budget by 8 billion pounds in the first year, rising to 28 billion by 2030. DEFENCE

Conservatives - The party wants to boost defence spending to 2.5% of GDP by 2030. Labour - It will set out a path to the same 2.5% target.

LibDems - It would raise defence spending every year of the parliament, also with an ambition to spend at least 2.5%. Green - The party would cancel Britain's nuclear deterrent.

IMMIGRATION Conservatives - The party has promised to bring in a binding cap for legal migration. On illegal migration, it says monthly flights will take those arriving on small boats across the Channel to Rwanda.

Labour - The party wants to reform the points-based system, by bringing in restrictions on visas and by training workers where there are domestic shortages. On illegal migration, it will scrap the government's Rwanda plan, and focus on stopping people-smuggling gangs and beefing up border security. LibDems - It will tackle people-smuggling, lift the ban on asylum seekers working and scrap the government's Rwanda scheme.

Green - It wants to help migrants "put down roots". It would end the minimum income requirement for spouses of work visa holders and provide safe routes for those fleeing persecution. EUROPEAN UNION

Conservatives - The party said it will "build" on its post-Brexit relationships in Europe, including through new defence treaties. Labour - The party wants to reset, deepen and improve its relationship with Europe.

LibDems - It has promised to "fix the UK's broken relationship", ultimately resulting in seeking to join the single market. EU membership remains its longer-term objective. Green - It wants Britain to rejoin the European Union as soon as possible.

CLIMATE POLICY Conservatives - The party wants to cut the cost of tackling climate change, while sticking with its 2050 net zero target. It pledged to treble offshore wind, scale up nuclear, partly through using new Small Modular Reactors, and promised no new green levies or charges.

Labour - It will aim for clean power by 2030 by doubling onshore wind, tripling solar power and quadrupling offshore wind. It will establish state-owned Great British Energy, backed by 8.3 billion pounds, and it will not issue new licences for oil and gas fields in the North Sea. LibDems - It has committed to cutting greenhouse gas emissions to net zero by 2045 at the latest.

Green - The party wants to stop all new fossil fuel extraction in Britain, phase out nuclear power, and rely increasingly on wind power plus solar. EDUCATION

Conservatives - The party has pledged to protect day-to-day spending per pupil. It will ban mobile phones during the school day and introduce a new "Advanced British Standard" for 16-19 year-olds. For 18-year-olds National Service will become compulsory, with a choice between military or civic duties. Labour - It will recruit 6,500 new teachers in key subjects, establish 3,000 new primary school-based nurseries, and introduce free breakfast clubs in every primary school.

LibDems - The party will put a mental health professional in every school, increase funding and create life-long skills grants to spend on education and training. Green - The party wants a 2 billion pound pay uplift for teachers. It would scrap university undergraduate fees, which are currently 9,250 pounds per year. ($1 = 0.7823 pounds)

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