Breakthrough Study Uncovers How Immune Cells Hinder Lung Regeneration Post-Viral Infections

Cedars-Sinai researchers discover how immune cells impede lung regeneration following viral infections like COVID-19. This breakthrough, published in Nature, could pave the way for new therapies to address long-term complications such as pulmonary fibrosis caused by post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2.

Researchers have discovered a mechanism by which immune cells obstruct the regeneration of the lungs' defensive barrier following viral infections such as COVID-19. The groundbreaking findings, co-led by Cedars-Sinai and published in Nature, could lead to novel therapeutic approaches.

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the extensive, long-lasting consequences of viral infections, a condition known as protracted or long COVID. This chronic state, also referred to as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2, has incapacitated many, with lung scarring being a significant symptom. Patients suffering from long COVID may experience severe breathing difficulty, often requiring oxygen support or even lung transplants. Without new treatment options, many face enduring disabilities and life-threatening complications.

Dr. Peter Chen, co-corresponding author of the study and interim chair of the Department of Medicine at Cedars-Sinai, noted, 'Our study aimed to understand the pathways leading to abnormal lung repair and a scar-forming environment.' Using models of post-viral lung disease, molecular profiling, and imaging techniques, the researchers identified CD8+ T cells as a key factor in preventing lung healing post-infection. These findings were validated with patient cohorts suffering from post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary fibrosis, corroborating the animal model work.

Dr. Jie Sun, the study's co-corresponding author, emphasized that other past viral pandemics, like swine flu, have also led to lung scarring after infection. He stressed the importance of preparing to mitigate adverse outcomes from such viruses. Chen and Sun believe that these findings could offer insights into other forms of lung fibrosis, contributing to the broader medical field's understanding.

(With inputs from agencies.)