Controversial Reform Expands Regional Powers in Italy

The Italian parliament has passed a controversial reform granting regions more powers, leading critics to warn it will exacerbate the gap between the wealthy north and poorer south. The move, championed by the League party, enables regions to claim broader powers on essential public services like health and education.

The Italian parliament has approved a contested reform granting regions more powers, a move critics say will worsen the historic divide between the country's wealthy north and poorer south. Championed by the League party in the coalition government, the lower house passed the reform early on Wednesday after a stormy all-night sitting which ended with opposition deputies singing the national anthem and waving the Italian flag.

League leader and deputy prime minister Matteo Salvini hailed "a victory for all Italians," saying on X that the reform would help Italy become a more modern country with fewer wasted resources. League deputies brandished the yellow and red flag of the historic Venetian Republic, with its winged lion, as the reform was approved with 172 votes in favour to 99 against.

Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni's right-wing coalition pushed through the reform as part of a wider overhaul of the Italian state, including plans for a directly-elected head of government. "This is a step forward towards building a stronger and fairer Italy, to overcome the differences that there are today between the various parts of the country," Meloni said.

The new law enables regions to claim broader powers on key public services such as health and education, and to have a bigger say on how taxes are spent. The League hopes the law will revive its fortunes in its traditional northern strongholds. Right-leaning Lombardy and Veneto, as well as left-leaning Emilia-Romagna, are among the northern regions expected to seek more autonomy. The extent of powers devolved to them will depend on negotiations with the central government.

Elly Schlein, leader of the centre-left opposition Democratic Party, attacked the measures as divisive and bound to increase inequality. "This vote sanctions the existence of first and second class citizens," Schlein told parliament.

Italy's north-south divide is exemplified by the economic gap between the southern Calabria region, where gross domestic product per capita is about half of the EU average, and the northern Bolzano province, where GDP per capita stands at around 150% of the EU average.

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