Experts Raise Alarm Over Alleged Arbitrary Arrests and Restrictions on Civic Freedoms in Zambia

The experts also highlighted growing restrictions on gatherings, meetings, peaceful protests, and rallies.

Independent experts have expressed serious concern over numerous allegations of arbitrary arrests and detentions in Zambia, particularly targeting opposition political leaders, parliamentarians, human rights defenders, and activists. The charges in these cases include unlawful assembly, espionage, hate speech, and seditious practices. The experts also highlighted growing restrictions on gatherings, meetings, peaceful protests, and rallies.

Since January 2022, at least 26 such cases have been reported to the experts. According to the information received, these arrests and acts of intimidation often result from individuals expressing divergent or critical views, with the apparent intent to curtail participation in political and public life.

“These practices have led to increased political polarization and self-censorship,” the experts stated. “The arrests and restrictions have had a chilling effect on freedom of opinion, expression, association, and assembly—core components of a robust democracy. There is a real risk that these actions could deepen divisions along ethnic and regional lines and further shrink civic space in the country.”

The experts also noted that since December 2021, they have received reports of 16 incidents involving journalists or media outlets, along with 11 cases of clashes, attacks, and intimidation, primarily perpetrated by ruling party members against opposition members and supporters. Even religious figures have not been spared, with reports of clergy arrests and the disruption of meetings by law enforcement.

“To reduce tensions, the Government must uphold constitutionally guaranteed rights and create a safe and enabling environment for civic engagement,” the experts urged. They called for the swift implementation of legislative reforms, including amendments to the Public Order Act, the Penal Code, and the State Security Act. The experts also emphasized the need for effective operation of the National Mechanism for Implementation and Follow-up, and measures to ensure that state actors, including the Zambia Police Service, respect human dignity and rights.

The experts expressed deep concern over the alleged misuse of outdated legal provisions, such as "seditious intention," to suppress freedom of expression, which is protected under international treaties ratified by Zambia. This situation is exacerbated by deficiencies in the justice system, including arrests made without thorough investigations and delays in bringing accused individuals to court.

While the Government's efforts to counter hate speech, maintain peace, and promote national unity are acknowledged, the experts stressed that such actions must align with national laws that conform to international human rights standards.

“The Government must take responsibility for breaking the cycle of attack and retribution between ruling and opposition parties that has plagued Zambian politics for decades,” the experts concluded, urging the Government to engage in dialogue with the opposition.