Michigan Medicine Study: High Blood Pressure Linked to Increased Stroke Risk

A Michigan Medicine study reveals that higher systolic blood pressure significantly raises the risk of various strokes over time, especially in Black and Hispanic populations. The research underscores the importance of early diagnosis and self-monitoring to control blood pressure and prevent strokes.

A recent study by Michigan Medicine has found that elevated systolic blood pressure – the top number in a blood pressure reading – significantly increases the risk of the two most common types of strokes over time.

The study examined the average systolic blood pressure years before the first stroke occurred in more than 40,000 adults aged 18 and older with no prior history of stroke. Researchers investigated three types of stroke: ischemic, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. The findings revealed that a mean systolic blood pressure 10-mm Hg higher than average was associated with a 20% greater risk of overall stroke and ischemic stroke. Additionally, it was linked to a 31% higher risk of intracerebral hemorrhage.

"Our results suggest that early diagnosis and persistent management of high blood pressure are crucial in preventing strokes, particularly among Black and Hispanic patients who have higher rates of uncontrolled hypertension compared to white patients," said Dr. Deborah A. Levine, senior author and professor at the University of Michigan Medical School. Black patients were found to have a 20% higher risk of ischemic stroke and a 67% higher risk of intracerebral hemorrhage than white patients. Hispanic patients faced a 281% higher risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Despite these disparities, the study found little evidence that race and ethnicity altered the link between cumulative systolic blood pressure and stroke type. Dr. Kimson E. Johnson highlighted that examining racial inequities is essential for understanding how social, economic, and political structures impact health behaviors and stroke risks among minority groups.

Self-monitoring of blood pressure is a proven, cost-effective strategy for improving diagnosis and control, yet remains underutilized, according to Dr. Levine. "Two major barriers are lack of patient education and insurance not covering home blood pressure monitors, which cost $50 or more," she added. Health care providers must educate patients about home monitoring, and insurers should cover the cost to reduce stroke risks.

(With inputs from agencies.)