Advancing Sustainable Textiles: Lessons from Cambodia, Jordan, and Viet Nam

The ILO’s latest report highlights sustainable industrial strategies in the textiles sector, showcasing Cambodia, Jordan, and Viet Nam’s approaches to balancing economic growth, social equity, and environmental sustainability. By leveraging inclusive policymaking and green practices, these nations offer valuable lessons for global policymakers.

The International Labour Organization (ILO), in collaboration with the European Union, recently unveiled the report Sustainable Industrial Policies and Strategies in the Textiles and Clothing Sector: Lessons Learned from Cambodia, Jordan, and Viet Nam. This comprehensive study sheds light on innovative approaches to achieving economic growth, social equity, and environmental sustainability within the textiles and clothing industry. By examining strategies adopted by these three countries, the report provides valuable lessons for policymakers worldwide.

A Triad of Goals: Economic, Social, and Environmental Balance

The report emphasizes a unified approach where economic progress harmonizes with social inclusion and environmental stewardship. At its core lies the concept of "decent work," a principle championing labor standards and equitable opportunities. Achieving this delicate balance necessitates collaboration among governments, industry leaders, worker organizations, and international stakeholders, forming a cohesive framework for sustainable development.

Insights from Cambodia, Jordan, and Viet Nam

Cambodia: Bridging Gaps and Building Human Capital

Cambodia’s industrial policies focus on enhancing human capital, improving worker welfare, and diversifying investments into high-value industries. The ILO’s Better Factories Cambodia (BFC) program has been pivotal, bolstering labor standards and regulatory compliance. However, the lack of private sector involvement in policymaking poses a significant hurdle. To strengthen its textiles sector, Cambodia continues to emphasize market diversification and sustainability.

Jordan: A Vision for Economic Modernization

Jordan’s Economic Modernization Vision (2022–2033) prioritizes high-value industries, including textiles, while championing vocational training and job creation. Notably, the country’s strategy integrates support for small and medium enterprises (SMEs), fostering economic inclusivity. Yet, challenges such as fragmented sectoral coordination hinder full-scale implementation. Despite these barriers, Jordan's focus on enabling sustainable enterprises highlights its commitment to long-term industrial growth.

Viet Nam: Pioneering Circular Economies

Viet Nam’s industrial roadmap stands out for its ambitious environmental objectives, including net-zero carbon emissions and circular economic practices. By localizing production and integrating advanced manufacturing, Viet Nam has positioned itself as a leader in sustainable textiles. Its innovative approach also incorporates the development of industrial parks, supporting the seamless fusion of sustainability and industrial advancement.

Shared Challenges Across Borders

Despite their unique strategies, these nations face overlapping challenges. Aligning sector-specific policies with broader national frameworks remains a pressing issue. Additionally, while all three countries recognize the importance of worker welfare and labor standards, their implementation varies significantly. Addressing these gaps will require strengthened institutional frameworks and actionable performance metrics.

Recommendations for a Sustainable Future

Inclusive Policymaking: Broadening stakeholder engagement, including marginalized groups, ensures that industrial strategies are equitable and effective.

Environmental Integration: Incorporating green practices and circular economy principles is crucial for long-term sustainability.

Clear Metrics and Monitoring: Establishing measurable indicators enhances accountability, allowing for continuous policy refinement and adaptation.

The ILO’s report underscores the transformative potential of sustainable industrial policies in the textiles and clothing sector. By drawing on the experiences of Cambodia, Jordan, and Viet Nam, policymakers worldwide can craft strategies that not only drive economic growth but also champion social equity and environmental resilience. As the sector evolves, fostering partnerships and innovative solutions will remain key to unlocking its full potential.