Calculating Gaza's Death Toll: Challenges and Controversies

Palestinian health authorities report over 39,000 deaths in Gaza due to Israel's military actions, with most casualties being civilians. This figure is debated, with some estimating significantly higher totals. This coverage explores the methods used to calculate the death toll, reliability, and controversial roles of Hamas and Israel in the assessment.

Palestinian health authorities report that Israel's military operations in Gaza have resulted in over 39,000 deaths, predominantly civilians, and displaced the majority of the enclave's 2.3 million residents.

The conflict began on Oct. 7 when Hamas militants attacked Israeli communities, causing over 1,200 deaths and capturing 253 individuals. As of July 25, the official Palestinian death toll stood at 39,175.

This analysis investigates the calculation of the Palestinian death toll, its reliability, and the breakdown of civilian and combatant casualties from both perspectives. Initially, deaths were counted at hospitals with identification numbers, but the method evolved as facilities diminished. Indirect deaths may inflate the toll significantly, with some estimates suggesting over 186,000 fatalities. The U.N. and NGOs argue the actual numbers are higher than reported.

(With inputs from agencies.)